{
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     "sentence": "Litron - CW High Repetition Rate Lasers / LD60",
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   "term": "DC",
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     "page": "specs.html",
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
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     "sentence": "LVS-9585 DPM handheld verifier / Direct part marking version",
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   "expansion": "Device under test",
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   "term": "FIFO / LIFO",
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   "term": "HV",
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    "specs.html",
    "floorplan.html"
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    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "Same HV and pump block on NE100/200/300/NS24 / Collectors and distance",
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    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "CH2 HV Cable & Harness Tester / Up to 800 test points per unit, expandable to 100,000; IR to 1500 VDC; DW low range 10-100 VAC; max 1500 VDC / 1070 VAC; 4-wire Kelvin; relays",
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   "term": "IATF",
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     "sentence": "ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and IATF 16949 certified per job board; factories in Laguna and Batangas.",
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   "term": "IC",
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    "floorplan.html",
    "highvalue.html"
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    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
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   "term": "ICT",
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    "floorplan.html"
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    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "R&D agency for ICT and microelectronics (official mandate page); runs EPDC;",
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   "term": "IEC",
   "expansion": "International Electrotechnical Commission",
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    "floorplan.html"
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    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Type 1 and Type 2 Mode 3 testing against IEC/EN 61851-1 and IEC/HD 60364-7-722;",
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   "term": "IES",
   "expansion": "Illuminating Engineering Society",
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   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "LISUN-type LM-79 sphere system IES LM-79 sphere",
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   "term": "IoT",
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    "floorplan.html"
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    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Fits SMT and IoT/LED modules (flows 1, 2) / Semiconductor components and devices",
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  {
   "term": "IP (ingress protection)",
   "expansion": "Ingress Protection rating (IP52, IP54, IP65, IP67, IP68)",
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    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Pressure test up to +/-45 kPa, about one minute; made for IP65 to IP68 fixtures, not battery packs specifically",
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  {
   "term": "IR",
   "expansion": "Infrared",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "IR + hot air circulation / not published (no PHP price shown; out of stock) n/a",
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   "term": "ISO",
   "expansion": "International Organization for Standardization",
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    "floorplan.html"
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "A cleanroom or controlled area and an ISO 13485 quality system are facility and paperwork items, not machines, and are not priced here.",
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   "term": "JIS",
   "expansion": "Japanese Industrial Standards",
   "domain": "electronics",
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    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Complies with IEC 60601-1 Ed.3.0:2005 and Amd.1 Ed.3.0:2014, JIS T 0601-1:2017",
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   "term": "LCR",
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    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Low: winders listed from about USD 1,000 to 10,000; oven, LCR and ratio tester a few thousand each",
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   "term": "LED",
   "expansion": "Light-emitting diode",
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    "catalogue.html",
    "specs.html",
    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "LED lamps with selectable wavelengths for photochemistry and light-driven reactions (and fluorescence/imaging illumination).",
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    {
     "page": "specs.html",
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
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    "floorplan.html"
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    {
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     "joined": true
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  {
   "term": "LM-80",
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   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "CIE 177, LM-79-19, LM-80 / not published not published",
     "joined": true
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   "term": "LoRaWAN",
   "expansion": "Long Range Wide Area Network",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "highvalue.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "highvalue.html",
     "sentence": "Designs its own low-power LoRaWAN devices (packetSERIES) and sells LoRaWAN connectivity.",
     "joined": false
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   "term": "LV",
   "expansion": "Low vacuum (mode)",
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   "pages": [
    "specs.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "Standard ET-SE detector; options BSED (retractable BSE) EDS EBSD; chamber CCD and optical navigation camera; low-vacuum (LV) mode",
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   "term": "MCA",
   "expansion": "Multichannel analyzer",
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    "catalogue.html",
    "reference.html"
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    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Multichannel analyzer (MCA) / Dealer page",
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    {
     "page": "reference.html",
     "sentence": "Multichannel analyzer (MCA) / Sorts detector pulses by height into channels to build an energy spectrum.",
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  {
   "term": "MEMS",
   "expansion": "Micro-electromechanical systems",
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   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "MEMS vibration, pressure and temperature sensors in progress / Stated on the page as fabricated or current work",
     "joined": true
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  {
   "term": "MIL-STD",
   "expansion": "United States Military Standard",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "No specs on page; says chambers can meet ISO/ASTM/IEC/MIL-STD",
     "joined": false
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   "term": "MOSFET",
   "expansion": "Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor",
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   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Discrete, logic and MOSFET semiconductors / Cabuyao, Laguna (LISP I) per directories; global site title \"Global semiconductor company\". Product scope from general knowledge.",
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   "term": "MP",
   "expansion": "Megapixel",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "specs.html",
    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "Colour digital FireWire, 5 and 2 MP, fluorescence-optimised",
     "joined": false
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    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Appointed agent claim from SMTnet ad; Mirtec MS-15 SPI uses 25 MP cameras with 7.7 um lens per trade press (not on this page)",
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   "term": "MPMS",
   "expansion": "Magnetic Property Measurement System",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "reference.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "reference.html",
     "sentence": "FZ Juelich - MPMS and PPMS / ISIS - physical and magnetic property analysis",
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  {
   "term": "MP-SPR",
   "expansion": "Multi-parametric surface plasmon resonance",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "reference.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Bionavis - Multi Parametric Surface Plasmon Resonance System (MP-SPR) / Untitled",
     "joined": true
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     "page": "reference.html",
     "sentence": "Dealer page: Bionavis MP-SPR / Capillary flow porometry",
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   "term": "NA",
   "expansion": "Numerical aperture",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "specs.html",
    "highvalue.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "Diffraction limited (<1 um) NA 0.45; field of view 600 x 800 um; detector laser 650 nm spot <4 um",
     "joined": false
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    {
     "page": "highvalue.html",
     "sentence": "The technology page also links to explainers on how microchips are made, Moore's Law, the principles of lithography (the Rayleigh criterion, light and lasers, lenses and mirrors, mechanics and mechatronics, measuring accuracy, pushing k1 further), software, and articles including \"5 things you should know about High NA EUV lithography\", \"How immersion lithography saved Moore's Law\" and \"Making EUV: from lab to fab\".",
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  {
   "term": "NIR",
   "expansion": "Near-infrared",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "specs.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "200-2200 nm achromatic spectrometer range (deep UV to NIR excitation lasers)",
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   "term": "OCV",
   "expansion": "Open-circuit voltage",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "8-channel graders listed at USD 350 to 450; a prismatic OCV and IR sorter at USD 9,500 to 11,985; 10-channel cylindrical sorters at USD 28,000 to 38,000",
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   "term": "OSAT",
   "expansion": "Outsourced semiconductor assembly and test",
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    "floorplan.html"
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "OSAT (die attach, wire bond, molding) is left out because it is high capex.",
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   "term": "OSL",
   "expansion": "Optically stimulated luminescence",
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   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "reference.html"
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    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry: a reader uses light instead of heat to read stored dose in dosimeters.",
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   "term": "PCB",
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   "pages": [
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
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   "term": "PE",
   "expansion": "Protective earth",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Type 2 plug, 60 cm cable; modes 2 and 3; up to 415 V AC; simulates pilot states A to D, proximity pilot levels, PE and E faults; CAT III 300 V",
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   "term": "PIV",
   "expansion": "Particle image velocimetry",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "reference.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Pulsed twin-head lasers for particle image velocimetry (PIV): two precisely timed flashes light a seeded flow so cameras can measure velocity fields.",
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     "page": "reference.html",
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  {
   "term": "PLC",
   "expansion": "Programmable logic controller",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "PLC with bilingual touch screen; horizontal and vertical terminal die feeding; wire range, strip length and force not listed",
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   "expansion": "Physical Property Measurement System",
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    "catalogue.html",
    "reference.html"
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     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Quantum Design - Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) / Dynacool 400X400",
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     "page": "reference.html",
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   "term": "PSECE",
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    "highvalue.html"
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     "page": "catalogue.html",
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   "term": "PSL",
   "expansion": "Photostimulated luminescence",
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   "pages": [
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     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Detects whether foods or materials have been irradiated, or measures radiation dose from the radicals it leaves behind (ESR) or from stimulated light release (PSL, standard EN 13751).",
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   "term": "PVD",
   "expansion": "Physical vapor deposition",
   "domain": "semiconductor",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
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     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "PRO Line PVD 75 / Vacuum hardware. Pumps remove gas, gauges read pressure, flanges/feedthroughs/viewports connect, power and window the chamber, and mass-flow controllers meter process gas. Together they let labs and tool builders reach and control the low-pressure conditions needed for coating, surface science and electron/ion instruments. Vacuum systems",
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  {
   "term": "QFP",
   "expansion": "Quad flat package",
   "domain": "semiconductor",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Puma 4 30000 cph; chip +/-40 um QFP +/-30 um (3 sigma); / not published not published",
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  {
   "term": "QPDI",
   "expansion": "Quadrature phase differential interferometry",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "specs.html"
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   "sources": [
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     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "Atomic force microscope using quadrature phase differential interferometry (QPDI)",
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   "term": "RF",
   "expansion": "Radio frequency",
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   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
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   "term": "RH",
   "expansion": "Relative humidity",
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   "pages": [
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
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   "term": "RIIDs",
   "expansion": "Radioisotope identification devices",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
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     "page": "catalogue.html",
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  {
   "term": "RMS",
   "expansion": "Root mean square",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "specs.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "Water Raman SNR >6000:1 RMS (350 nm excitation; 5 nm slits) / maker datasheet",
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  {
   "term": "RS232",
   "expansion": "RS-232 serial communication",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "USB + 2x RS232 / not published not published",
     "joined": true
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  {
   "term": "SE",
   "expansion": "Secondary electrons",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "specs.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "Standard ET-SE detector; options BSED (retractable BSE) EDS EBSD; chamber CCD and optical navigation camera; low-vacuum (LV) mode",
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   "term": "SEIPI",
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    "floorplan.html",
    "highvalue.html",
    "reference.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "(Electricity supplier; not confirmed to be the SEIPI member of this name)",
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "SEIPI says the missing link is wafer fabrication and that power and logistics costs are high.",
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    {
     "page": "highvalue.html",
     "sentence": "SEIPI names wafer fabrication as the missing link and is working with DOST on a lab-scale wafer fab project (see the Floor Plan page).",
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     "page": "reference.html",
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  {
   "term": "SEM",
   "expansion": "Scanning electron microscope / microscopy",
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   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "specs.html",
    "floorplan.html",
    "highvalue.html",
    "reference.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Electron-microscopy and microscopy supplies: diamond knives and embedding kits for cutting thin sections, grids and storage boxes, SEM stubs and coatings, tweezers and tools, magnifiers, cleaning, labelling and safety items.",
     "joined": false
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    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "ModuleSci's own PE-100 pages (modulesci.com) call it both a tabletop and a floor-standing SEM; confirm the form factor on the quote",
     "joined": false
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    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Compact SEM for failure analysis / Images cracks, voids and intermetallics in joints",
     "joined": true
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    {
     "page": "highvalue.html",
     "sentence": "KLA works on the inspection and measurement side of chip making, the high-capex counterpart of the failure-analysis and inspection stations on the Floor Plan (X-ray, compact SEM, Raman, optical inspection).",
     "joined": false
    },
    {
     "page": "reference.html",
     "sentence": "Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) / A focused electron beam scans a sample; emitted electrons build a high-magnification image of surface structure.",
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  {
   "term": "SMT",
   "expansion": "Surface-mount technology",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Reuses the SMT line above, then adds burn-in and functional test before pack-out.",
     "joined": false
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   ]
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  {
   "term": "SNR",
   "expansion": "Signal-to-noise ratio",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "specs.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "Water Raman SNR >6000:1 RMS (350 nm excitation; 5 nm slits) / maker datasheet",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "SPF",
   "expansion": "Sun protection factor",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Solar simulator. A lamp that imitates sunlight so photovoltaic cells and modules can be tested indoors under repeatable conditions to get current-voltage curves and efficiency. Also used for sunscreen (SPF), material fading and photodegradation testing. The testing kit and consumables support routin",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "SPI",
   "expansion": "Solder paste inspection",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Mirtec MS-15 SPI uses 25 MP cameras with 7.7 um lens per trade press (not on this page)",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "SPR",
   "expansion": "Surface plasmon resonance",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "reference.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument. / Dealer page",
     "joined": true
    },
    {
     "page": "reference.html",
     "sentence": "Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) / Detects changes in refractive index at a metal surface to follow binding and film growth in real time without labels.",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "SQUID",
   "expansion": "Superconducting quantum interference device",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "reference.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "SQUID magnetometry and PPMS / Dealer page",
     "joined": true
    },
    {
     "page": "reference.html",
     "sentence": "SQUID magnetometers measure tiny magnetic moments; the PPMS platform measures electrical, thermal and magnetic properties across temperature and field.",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "TCSPC",
   "expansion": "Time-correlated single-photon counting",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "reference.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Lifetime (TCSPC) models time the glow in nanoseconds to study molecular environments and energy transfer;",
     "joined": false
    },
    {
     "page": "reference.html",
     "sentence": "Fluorescence lifetime (TCSPC) / Time-correlated single-photon counting times how long fluorescence lasts after a pulse of light, revealing the molecule's environment and interactions.",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "TEM",
   "expansion": "Transmission electron microscope / microscopy",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Used for preparing, handling and calibrating specimens for TEM, SEM and light microscopy in biology and materials labs.",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "TERS",
   "expansion": "Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "specs.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Horiba Scientific - Raman-AFM and Nano-Raman (TERS) / Afm Raman Xplora Nano Mm",
     "joined": true
    },
    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "NanoRaman (TERS) / Down to 10 nm resolution when coupled with a HORIBA AFM",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "THz",
   "expansion": "Terahertz",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Terahertz components generate and detect THz waves. / Dealer page",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "TLD",
   "expansion": "Thermoluminescent dosimetry / dosimeter",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "reference.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD): cards/chips store radiation exposure, and a reader heats them to read the light released, giving dose.",
     "joined": false
    },
    {
     "page": "reference.html",
     "sentence": "Dosimeter crystals store radiation energy and release it as light when heated (TLD) or illuminated (OSL); the light is proportional to dose.",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "TTR",
   "expansion": "Transformer turns ratio (tester)",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Megger TTR20-1 / TTR25-1 handheld TTR",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "UDI",
   "expansion": "Unique Device Identification",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "UDI barcode label verifier / Grades printed device labels so they scan to ISO and GS1 rules",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "USB",
   "expansion": "Universal Serial Bus",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "420 W (600 W); 100-450 C (550 C max); accuracy +/-9 C; stability +/-2 C; hot air accuracy +/-30 C; 15 L/min; USB + 2x RS232",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "UV",
   "expansion": "Ultraviolet",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "specs.html",
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Light-measuring instruments (radiometers, photometers, UV and atmospheric sensors).",
     "joined": false
    },
    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "200-2200 nm achromatic spectrometer range (deep UV to NIR excitation lasers)",
     "joined": false
    },
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "QWIC-Series walk-in chamber (only named model); temp/humidity salt spray xenon thermal shock UV chambers",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "VAC / VDC",
   "expansion": "Volts alternating current / volts direct current",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Discharge <2 s; +/-15 V offset; meets ANSI/ESD S20.20 limits; 24 VDC via adapter 100-240 VAC",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "VFD",
   "expansion": "Vacuum fluorescent display",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Up to 512 test points; continuity, shorts, diodes, resistors, capacitors; 4-line VFD; 2 serial ports",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "term": "YAG",
   "expansion": "Yttrium aluminium garnet (as in Nd:YAG laser)",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Diode-pumped solid-state, argon-ion and pulsed Nd:YAG types supply stable or high-energy beams for Raman and fluorescence excitation, spectroscopy, microscopy, interferometry, and flow and plasma diagnostics.",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "machines": [
  {
   "machine": "AOI (automated optical inspection) machine",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "AOI (optical inspection) / Camera check for missing, shifted or bridged parts",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Area radiation monitor",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Fixed area radiation monitors with alarms. / Dealer page",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Atomic force microscope (AFM)",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "specs.html",
    "reference.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Atomic force microscope (AFM). / Dealer page",
     "joined": true
    },
    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "Atomic force microscope using quadrature phase differential interferometry (QPDI)",
     "joined": false
    },
    {
     "page": "reference.html",
     "sentence": "Atomic force microscopy (AFM) / A nanometre-sharp tip on a flexible cantilever scans a surface; tip motion is converted to a topographic map and mechanical or electrical properties.",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Battery cycler / battery test system",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Battery cyclers charge/discharge cells repeatedly to measure capacity and life.",
     "joined": false
    },
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Battery cycling and test system / Charges, discharges and measures battery-powered modules",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Battery pack end-of-line (EOL) tester",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Battery pack end-of-line (EOL) tester / Tests BMS communication, balancing, contactors, insulation and a charge-discharge run",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Board loader / unloader (magazine)",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Board loader / magazine / Feeds bare boards onto the conveyor",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Burn-in rack / environmental chamber",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Burn-in racks / environmental chamber / Runs modules hot or humid to expose early failures",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Busbar / nickel-strip spot welder",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Busbar / nickel-strip spot welder / Joins cells to busbars and nickel strip",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Cable and enclosure label printer",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Cable and enclosure label printer / Prints cable tags, heat-shrink markers and enclosure labels",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Capillary flow porometer",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "reference.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Pore-size measurement. / Dealer page",
     "joined": true
    },
    {
     "page": "reference.html",
     "sentence": "Capillary flow porometry / Gas pushes a wetting liquid out of a saturated sample; the pressure needed at each stage gives pore size, and the first bubble point gives the largest pore.",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Cell grading and sorting tester",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Cell grading and sorting tester / Measures capacity and internal resistance so matched cells go into the same module",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "C-frame stamping press",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "C-frame stamping press (25 to 40 t) / Punches and forms metal brackets, shields and busbars",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Closed-cycle cryocooler",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Closed-cycle cryocooler (cryorefrigerator). / Dealer page",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Coil winding machine",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Coil winding machine (toroidal / bobbin) / Winds copper wire onto cores and bobbins for inductors, transformers and sensors",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Contact-angle meter / surface tensiometer",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Contact-angle meter / surface tensiometer. / Dealer page",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Contamination and clearance portal monitor",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Contamination and clearance portal monitors. / Dealer page",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Continuity / hi-pot tester",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Continuity / hi-pot tester / Proves every connection and insulation",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Crimping press with applicators",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Crimping press with applicators / Fits terminals to wire ends",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Curing oven",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Curing oven (varnish and adhesive) / Bakes varnish, potting and core adhesive on wound parts",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Defect inspection and metrology system",
   "domain": "semiconductor",
   "pages": [
    "highvalue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "highvalue.html",
     "sentence": "The product areas listed for chip and wafer manufacturing are defect inspection and review, metrology, in situ process management, chemistry process control, deposition and etch.",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Deposition and etch tools",
   "domain": "semiconductor",
   "pages": [
    "highvalue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "highvalue.html",
     "sentence": "The product areas listed for chip and wafer manufacturing are defect inspection and review, metrology, in situ process management, chemistry process control, deposition and etch.",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Dip coater",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Inovenso - Dip Coater System / Dip_Coater_gu╠êncel_foto",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "DUV lithography system",
   "domain": "semiconductor",
   "pages": [
    "highvalue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "highvalue.html",
     "sentence": "DUV lithography / (deep ultraviolet)",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Electrical safety analyzer (hi-pot, ground bond, insulation)",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Electrical safety analyzer (hi-pot, ground bond, insulation) / Proves insulation, earth bonding and withstand voltage on enclosures, chargers and battery packs",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Detects whether foods or materials have been irradiated, or measures radiation dose from the radicals it leaves behind (ESR) or from stimulated light release (PSL, standard EN 13751).",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Electrospinning / electrospraying machine",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Electrospinning/electrospraying machine. / Dealer page",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "ELISpot reader / automated imaging microscope",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Combined ELISpot reader and automated microscope for immunology. / View photo",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Ellipsometer",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "reference.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "CCD detectors record it; ellipsometers analyse how polarisation changes on reflection.",
     "joined": false
    },
    {
     "page": "reference.html",
     "sentence": "Ellipsometry / Analyses the change in light polarisation on reflection to find thin-film thickness and optical constants.",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Environmental radiation detector (GM tube plus NaI scintillator)",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Environmental radiation detector combining Geiger-Muller tubes and a sodium-iodide scintillator, built for nuclear-emergency preparedness.",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "ESD workbench and ionizer",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "ESD workbench and ionizer / Keeps static from damaging parts",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "EUV lithography system",
   "domain": "semiconductor",
   "pages": [
    "highvalue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "highvalue.html",
     "sentence": "The technology page also links to explainers on how microchips are made, Moore's Law, the principles of lithography (the Rayleigh criterion, light and lasers, lenses and mirrors, mechanics and mechatronics, measuring accuracy, pushing k1 further), software, and articles including \"5 things you should know about High NA EUV lithography\", \"How immersion lithography saved Moore's Law\" and \"Making EUV: from lab to fab\".",
     "joined": false
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "EV charger (EVSE) tester",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "EV charger (EVSE) tester / Simulates a vehicle to check a finished AC charger (control pilot, proximity pilot, faults)",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Femtosecond fiber laser",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "reference.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Femtosecond fiber laser: emits extremely short pulses (a millionth of a billionth of a second).",
     "joined": false
    },
    {
     "page": "reference.html",
     "sentence": "Laser Focus World - picosecond and femtosecond fiber lasers / Laboratory lasers",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectrometer",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectrometer. / View photo",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Fluorescence / absorbance spectrometer (spectrofluorometer)",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html",
    "specs.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Horiba Scientific - Steady State and Lifetime Nanotechnology Spectrofluorometer",
     "joined": false
    },
    {
     "page": "specs.html",
     "sentence": "Simultaneous fluorescence and absorbance spectrofluorometer (A-TEEM) / dealer post",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Freeze dryer (lyophiliser)",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Yamato - Freeze Dryers / 10852908765B3B7226940D9",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Frequency-locked narrow-linewidth laser",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Ultra-stable, frequency-locked lasers with narrow linewidth. / Dealer page",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Friction and abrasion tester (tribometer)",
   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Friction and abrasion tester (tribometer). / View photo",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Gamma and alpha spectrometer",
   "domain": "physics",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Radiation spectroscopy and counting equipment. / Multichannel analyzer (MCA)",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Hand-solder and rework station",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Hand-solder and rework station / Repairs or reworks single boards",
     "joined": true
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "machine": "Harness assembly board",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
   ],
   "sources": [
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    "catalogue.html"
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   "pages": [
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
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   "domain": "electronics",
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    "floorplan.html"
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
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     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Peel tester. / View photo",
     "joined": true
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     "page": "catalogue.html",
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   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
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     "page": "catalogue.html",
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
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   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
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     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Electrochemistry instrument. / Dealer page",
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   "domain": "instrumentation",
   "pages": [
    "catalogue.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Precision syringe pump. / View photo",
     "joined": true
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   "machine": "Pull-force tester",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
     "sentence": "Pull-force tester / Checks crimp strength",
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     "page": "catalogue.html",
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    "catalogue.html"
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    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Light-measuring instruments (radiometers, photometers, UV and atmospheric sensors).",
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    "specs.html",
    "floorplan.html"
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   "sources": [
    {
     "page": "catalogue.html",
     "sentence": "Raman microscope/spectrometer. / Dealer page",
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    {
     "page": "specs.html",
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
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     "page": "floorplan.html",
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     "page": "catalogue.html",
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  {
   "machine": "Surface resistance meter",
   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
    "floorplan.html"
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    {
     "page": "floorplan.html",
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   "domain": "electronics",
   "pages": [
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   "machine": "X-ray inspection machine (BGA / AXI)",
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}